| 1. ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ 458 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠳ᠋ᠷ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠰᠢ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠰᠢ 442 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠳ᠋ᠷ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡᠢ | ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ 5.45 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠳ᠋ᠷ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠰᠢ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ᠂ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠂ ᠮᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠤᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠨᠵᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠪᠡ᠃ ᠮᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ | ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ 1595 — | 2150 ᠮᠧᠳ᠋ᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ᠂ ᠮᠠ ᠲᠸᠦ | ᠱᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ᠂ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠤᠷᠤᠯᠵᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠳᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠂ | ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠤᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠤᠤ ᠭᠠᠩᠭᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠰᠦᠨᠳᠡᠷᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ 1152 — 1321 ᠮᠧᠳ᠋ᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠴᠢᠭ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠷᠬᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ 2340 ᠮᠧᠳ᠋ᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | 2. ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ 40 — 44 ᠭᠷᠠᠳᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ | ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ | ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ | ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠦᠷᠰᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ︵ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ︶ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠳᠡ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠴᠦ 20℃ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠵᠤᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ︵ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠪᠢ ᠵᠢᠶᠧ᠂ ᠴᠢᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠩ᠂ ᠺᠦᠨᠮᠢᠩ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠢ︶ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ 250 — 430 ᠮᠢᠯᠢᠮᠧᠳ᠋ᠷ᠂ 60% — | 70% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠨᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ | ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠭᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠴᠡ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪ︾ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠪᠡ᠃ | | | | | | |